Where the Complexity Comes From
Layered laws, not identical ones.
Federal job-protected leave and California's own leave law cover overlapping but not identical ground: different employer size thresholds, different qualifying reasons, and different rules for how the two interact for a given employee. Pregnancy-related leave runs under its own separate framework, with its own timing and its own relationship to the other two.
Layered on top of all of that are California's wage-replacement programs, which determine whether an employee is paid during some or all of a leave. Job protection and income replacement are decided under completely different rules, and an employee doesn't experience them as separate questions, they experience it as one absence.
None of this is unusual or a sign that something has gone wrong. It's simply what multistate and California-based employers are working with, and it's exactly the kind of coordination problem that benefits from a consistent process rather than case-by-case judgment calls.

